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type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">编程语言</span><span class="vp-arrow down"></span></button><ul class="vp-sidebar-links"><li><section class="vp-sidebar-group"><button class="vp-sidebar-header clickable active" type="button"><!----><span class="vp-sidebar-title">JavaScript</span><span class="vp-arrow down"></span></button><ul class="vp-sidebar-links"><li><a class="route-link auto-link vp-sidebar-link" href="/note/language/javascript/helloworld.html" aria-label="环境搭建"><!---->环境搭建<!----></a></li><li><a class="route-link auto-link vp-sidebar-link" href="/note/language/javascript/grammar.html" aria-label="基本语法"><!---->基本语法<!----></a></li><li><a class="route-link auto-link vp-sidebar-link" href="/note/language/javascript/function.html" aria-label="函数"><!---->函数<!----></a></li><li><a class="route-link route-link-active auto-link vp-sidebar-link active" href="/note/language/javascript/object_and_class.html" aria-label="对象和类"><!---->对象和类<!----></a></li></ul></section></li></ul></section></li></ul></section></li></ul><!----></aside><!--[--><main id="main-content" class="vp-page"><!--[--><!----><!----><nav class="vp-breadcrumb disable"></nav><div class="vp-page-title"><h1><!---->对象和类</h1><!----><hr></div><!----><div class="" vp-content><!----><div id="markdown-content"><h1 id="对象和类" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对象和类"><span>对象和类</span></a></h1><h2 id="对象" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对象"><span>对象</span></a></h2><p>JavaScript中的对象(object)用于存储各种键值集合和更复杂的实体。例如下面的对象</p><div class="language-javascript" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="javascript" style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#abb2bf;--shiki-light-bg:#FAFAFA;--shiki-dark-bg:#282c34;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes one-light one-dark-pro vp-code"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;">var</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> person</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> firstName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;"> 'John'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> lastName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;"> 'Doe'</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> age</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#986801;--shiki-dark:#D19A66;"> 30</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> isStudent</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#986801;--shiki-dark:#D19A66;"> false</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">,</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;"> greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">:</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;"> function</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> console</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;">'Hello, I am '</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">firstName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;"> ' '</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">lastName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">);</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;"> print_name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> console.log(lastName + </span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;">' '</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> + firstName) </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">};</span></span></code></pre></div><p>如何使用对象</p><div class="language-javascript" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="javascript" style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#abb2bf;--shiki-light-bg:#FAFAFA;--shiki-dark-bg:#282c34;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes one-light one-dark-pro vp-code"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;">console</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;">person</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">firstName</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0A1A7;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#7F848E;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">// 输出: John</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;">person</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;">greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(); </span><span style="--shiki-light:#A0A1A7;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#7F848E;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">// 输出: Hello, I am John Doe</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="类" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#类"><span>类</span></a></h2><p>javascript中的类(class)是用于创建对象的模板，和c++中的类相似，但是需要在<code>constructor()</code>函数中声明类成员</p><div class="language-javascript" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="javascript" style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#abb2bf;--shiki-light-bg:#FAFAFA;--shiki-dark-bg:#282c34;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes one-light one-dark-pro vp-code"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;">class</span><span style="--shiki-light:#C18401;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;"> constructor</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">) {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">;</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;"> greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">() {</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> console</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;">log</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;">"Hello, I'm "</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> +</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;"> this</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#E45649;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;">name</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">) </span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;"> }</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">}</span></span></code></pre></div><p>使用方法</p><div class="language-javascript" data-highlighter="shiki" data-ext="javascript" style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#abb2bf;--shiki-light-bg:#FAFAFA;--shiki-dark-bg:#282c34;"><pre class="shiki shiki-themes one-light one-dark-pro vp-code"><code class="language-javascript"><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;">var</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E06C75;"> user</span><span style="--shiki-light:#0184BC;--shiki-dark:#56B6C2;"> =</span><span style="--shiki-light:#A626A4;--shiki-dark:#C678DD;"> new</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;"> User</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">(</span><span style="--shiki-light:#50A14F;--shiki-dark:#98C379;">"Alice"</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">)</span></span>
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<span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#E5C07B;">user</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">.</span><span style="--shiki-light:#4078F2;--shiki-dark:#61AFEF;">greet</span><span style="--shiki-light:#383A42;--shiki-dark:#ABB2BF;">()</span></span></code></pre></div></div><!----><!----><!----></div><footer class="vp-page-meta"><!----><div class="vp-meta-item git-info"><!----><!----></div></footer><!----><!----><!----><!--]--></main><!--]--><footer class="vp-footer-wrapper" vp-footer><div class="vp-footer">使用 <a href="https://theme-hope.vuejs.press/zh/" target="_blank">VuePress Theme Hope</a> 主题 | <a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">京ICP备16018986号-1</a></div><!----></footer></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--[--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div>
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