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import{_ as x,c as a,b as m,d as l,o as j}from"./app-BdNP3b8G.js";const c="/images/2014/08/sph_1.gif",t="/images/2014/08/sph_2.jpg",e="/images/2014/08/sph_3.jpg",n="/images/2014/08/sph_4.jpg",i="/images/2014/08/sph_8.gif",u="/images/2014/08/sph_10.gif",r={};function o(d,s){return j(),a("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[m("h1",{id:"sph算法简介-一-数学基础",tabindex:"-1"},[m("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#sph算法简介-一-数学基础"},[m("span",null,"SPH算法简介(一): 数学基础")])],-1),m("p",null,[l("SPH("),m("a",{href:"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoothed_Particle_Hydrodynamics",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"},"Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics"),l(")算法是一种流体模拟算法,他的特点是简单快速,可以用在例如游戏这样的实时的交互软件中。SPH算法虽然简单,但要完全搞明白其中的原理和实现方法,也不是易事,写这个系列希望能全面介绍一下相关的内容,如果你搜索到这里,可以仔细看一下这个系列,希望能帮到你。"),m("br"),l(" 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