2 lines
49 KiB
JavaScript
2 lines
49 KiB
JavaScript
import{_ as a,c,a as x,b as m,d as l,o as j}from"./app-xc5fWoqI.js";const e="/assets/metal-Dck04b93.png",i="/assets/nonmetal-CI7Tab9J.png",t="/assets/diffuse-DzA4a2DL.png",n="/assets/Subsurface-OKPGhRs8.png",o="/assets/BRDF-BEtmk4Gk.svg",u={};function r(d,s){return j(),c("div",null,s[0]||(s[0]=[x('<h1 id="brdf-双向反射分布函数" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#brdf-双向反射分布函数"><span>BRDF(双向反射分布函数)</span></a></h1><hr><h2 id="_1-物体对光的反应" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-物体对光的反应"><span>1. 物体对光的反应</span></a></h2><h3 id="_1-1-金属" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-1-金属"><span>1.1 金属</span></a></h3><figure><img src="'+e+'" alt="" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p>对于金属，折射进表面的光线的能量会立即被金属中的自由电子吸收，转换成电子的能量，不再可见</p><h3 id="_1-2-非金属" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-非金属"><span>1.2 非金属</span></a></h3><figure><img src="'+i+'" alt="" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p>对于非金属（电介质或绝缘体），它们往往不是由单一成分构成，而可以认为其中包含了很多折射率不同的微粒，光线遇到这些粒子后发生反射折射，在物质内部不断传播，散射到不同方向，其中一部分会再次穿过表面被观察到,这种现象称为次表面散射(Subsurface Scattering)</p><h4 id="_1-2-1-观察尺度" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_1-2-1-观察尺度"><span>1.2.1 观察尺度</span></a></h4><p>根据物质属性和观察尺度的不同，次表面散射会表现出不同的效果</p><figure><img src="'+t+'" alt="" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p>如果光线在物质中传播距离小于观察尺度（绿色区域，可以认为是一个像素区域），我们看到情况如下面的右上图，入射点、反射点、次表面散射的出射点看起来是同一个点。其中反射部分（图中浅棕色出射光）就是我们常说的高光（Specular Light），常聚集在一个方向周围，向这个方向观察该点会看到明显的高光，从其他方向观察该点时高光则比较微弱；次表面散射部分（图中蓝色出射光）是漫射光（Diffuse Light），光线被散射到各个方向。</p><figure><img src="'+n+'" alt="" tabindex="0" loading="lazy"><figcaption></figcaption></figure><p>如果光线在物质中的传播距离大于观察尺度，就需要使用次表面散射算法来建模</p><h2 id="_2-brdf" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-brdf"><span>2. BRDF</span></a></h2><h3 id="_2-1-定义" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-定义"><span>2.1 定义</span></a></h3><p>BRDF(bidirectional reflectance distribution function),是用来描述反光小平面的反射光和入射光的比例关系的函数，设一个不透明的、不发光的小平面，BRDF的定义为</p>',18),m("mjx-container",{class:"MathJax",jax:"CHTML",display:"true",style:{position:"relative"}},[m("mjx-math",{display:"true",style:{"margin-left":"0","margin-right":"0"},class:"MJX-TEX","aria-hidden":"true"},[m("mjx-mi",{class:"mjx-i"},[m("mjx-c",{class:"mjx-c1D453 TEX-I"})]),m("mjx-mo",{class:"mjx-n"},[m("mjx-c",{class:"mjx-c28"})]),m("mjx-TeXAtom",{texclass:"ORD"},[m("mjx-mover",null,[m("mjx-over",{style:{"padding-bottom":"0.105em","padding-left":"0.474em","margin-bottom":"-0.516em"}},[m("mjx-mo",{class:"mjx-n",style:{width:"0","margin-left":"-0.25em"}},[m("mjx-c",{class:"mjx-c20D7 TEX-V"})])]),m("mjx-base",null,[m("mjx-msub",null,[m("mjx-mi",{class:"mjx-i"},[m("mjx-c",{class:"mjx-c1D714 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id="_2-3-为什么brdf方程是l和e的比值" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-为什么brdf方程是l和e的比值"><span>2.3 <strong>为什么BRDF方程是L和E的比值</strong></span></a></h3><p><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21376124" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">参考</a></p><h4 id="_2-3-1-从测量方面来看" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-1-从测量方面来看"><span>2.3.1 从测量方面来看</span></a></h4><p>测量入射光的设备测量小平面的照度（E）最方便，不用关心方向，而测量出射光则是测量辐射率(L)最方便，用狭长的测光筒</p><h4 id="_2-3-2-从数学角度来解释" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-2-从数学角度来解释"><span>2.3.2 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